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User Management Routes

This section documents the user management API endpoints.

backend.routes.users

Classes

UserManager

Bases: UUIDIDMixin, BaseUserManager[User, UUID]

Source code in backend/routes/users.py 
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class UserManager(UUIDIDMixin, BaseUserManager[User, UUID]):
    user_db_model = User
    reset_password_token_secret = SECRET
    verification_token_secret = SECRET

    async def on_after_register(self, user: User, request=None):
        # Only print username and email, not hashed_password
        print(f"[DEBUG] User registered: username={getattr(user, 'username', None)}, email={getattr(user, 'email', None)}")

        # Check if this is the first user and make them superuser
        await self._make_first_user_superuser(user)

        # Initialize user directory structure
        await self.initialize_user_directories(str(user.id))

    async def _make_first_user_superuser(self, user: User):
        """Make the first user in the system a superuser"""
        try:
            with Session(engine) as session:
                # Count total users
                total_users = len(session.exec(select(User)).all())

                if total_users == 1:  # This is the first user
                    user.is_superuser = True
                    session.add(user)
                    session.commit()
                    print(f"[ADMIN] First user '{user.username}' automatically promoted to superuser")

                    # Log the admin promotion
                    logger = get_logger()
                    logger.security(
                        f"First user '{user.username}' automatically promoted to superuser",
                        event_type="first_user_superuser_promotion",
                        user_id=str(user.id),
                        username=user.username
                    )
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"[ERROR] Failed to make first user superuser: {e}")

    async def initialize_user_directories(self, user_id: str):
        """Create the necessary directory structure and default files for a new user."""

        # Base user directory
        user_dir = Path("graph_data") / "users" / user_id
        user_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

        # Create subdirectories
        subdirs = [
            "nodes",
            "attributeNodes", 
            "relationNodes",
            "transitions",
            "functions",
            "graphs",
            "schemas"  # For user-specific schema extensions
        ]

        for subdir in subdirs:
            (user_dir / subdir).mkdir(exist_ok=True)

        # Create default registry files
        registries = [
            "node_registry.json",
            "attribute_registry.json", 
            "relation_registry.json",
            "transition_registry.json",
            "function_registry.json"
        ]

        for registry in registries:
            registry_path = user_dir / registry
            if not registry_path.exists():
                with open(registry_path, 'w') as f:
                    json.dump({}, f)

        print(f"[DEBUG] Initialized directories for user {user_id}")

    async def authenticate(self, credentials: UserLogin) -> User | None:
        """Custom authenticate method that supports login with username or email"""
        pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["argon2", "bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")

        # Try to find user by username or email
        with Session(engine) as session:
            # Try username first
            stmt = select(User).where(User.username == credentials.username_or_email)
            user = session.exec(stmt).first()

            if not user:
                # Try email
                stmt = select(User).where(User.email == credentials.username_or_email)
                user = session.exec(stmt).first()

            if not user:
                return None

            # Verify password
            if not pwd_context.verify(credentials.password, user.hashed_password):
                return None

            return user

    async def _create(self, user_create: UserCreate) -> User:
        """Override _create to handle username field and approval fields"""
        pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["argon2", "bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")

        user_data = {
            "email": user_create.email,
            "username": user_create.username,
            "hashed_password": pwd_context.hash(user_create.password),
            "is_active": False,  # New users are inactive until approved
            "is_superuser": False,  # New users are never superusers
            "is_verified": True,  # Email verification not required for approval system
            "is_approved": False,  # New users need approval
            "approval_note": user_create.approval_note,
            "institution": user_create.institution
        }

        user = User(**user_data)
        return user
Functions
initialize_user_directories(user_id: str) async

Create the necessary directory structure and default files for a new user.

Source code in backend/routes/users.py 
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async def initialize_user_directories(self, user_id: str):
    """Create the necessary directory structure and default files for a new user."""

    # Base user directory
    user_dir = Path("graph_data") / "users" / user_id
    user_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

    # Create subdirectories
    subdirs = [
        "nodes",
        "attributeNodes", 
        "relationNodes",
        "transitions",
        "functions",
        "graphs",
        "schemas"  # For user-specific schema extensions
    ]

    for subdir in subdirs:
        (user_dir / subdir).mkdir(exist_ok=True)

    # Create default registry files
    registries = [
        "node_registry.json",
        "attribute_registry.json", 
        "relation_registry.json",
        "transition_registry.json",
        "function_registry.json"
    ]

    for registry in registries:
        registry_path = user_dir / registry
        if not registry_path.exists():
            with open(registry_path, 'w') as f:
                json.dump({}, f)

    print(f"[DEBUG] Initialized directories for user {user_id}")
authenticate(credentials: UserLogin) -> User | None async

Custom authenticate method that supports login with username or email

Source code in backend/routes/users.py 
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async def authenticate(self, credentials: UserLogin) -> User | None:
    """Custom authenticate method that supports login with username or email"""
    pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["argon2", "bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")

    # Try to find user by username or email
    with Session(engine) as session:
        # Try username first
        stmt = select(User).where(User.username == credentials.username_or_email)
        user = session.exec(stmt).first()

        if not user:
            # Try email
            stmt = select(User).where(User.email == credentials.username_or_email)
            user = session.exec(stmt).first()

        if not user:
            return None

        # Verify password
        if not pwd_context.verify(credentials.password, user.hashed_password):
            return None

        return user

Functions

login(credentials: UserLogin) async

Custom login endpoint that accepts username or email

Source code in backend/routes/users.py 
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@users_router.post("/login")
async def login(credentials: UserLogin):
    """Custom login endpoint that accepts username or email"""
    user_manager = UserManager(get_user_db().__next__())
    user = await user_manager.authenticate(credentials)

    if not user:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=401, detail="Invalid credentials")

    if not user.is_approved:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="Account pending approval. Please wait for admin approval.")

    if not user.is_active:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")

    # Generate JWT token
    jwt_strategy = get_jwt_strategy()
    token = await jwt_strategy.write_token(user)

    return {
        "access_token": token,
        "token_type": "bearer",
        "user": {
            "id": str(user.id),
            "username": user.username,
            "email": user.email,
            "is_active": user.is_active,
            "is_superuser": user.is_superuser,
            "is_approved": user.is_approved
        }
    }

get_auth_config() async

Get authentication configuration including inactivity threshold

Source code in backend/routes/users.py 
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@users_router.get("/config")
async def get_auth_config():
    """Get authentication configuration including inactivity threshold"""
    return {
        "inactivity_threshold_minutes": 20,  # Should match the JWT strategy configuration
        "max_token_lifetime_hours": 1,  # Should match the JWT strategy configuration
        "features": {
            "inactivity_based_expiration": True
        }
    }

admin_list_users(user: User = Depends(current_active_user)) async

List all users (admin only)

Source code in backend/routes/users.py 
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@users_router.get("/admin/users")
async def admin_list_users(user: User = Depends(current_active_user)):
    """List all users (admin only)"""
    if not user.is_superuser:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="Admin access required")

    try:
        with Session(engine) as session:
            users = session.exec(select(User)).all()
            return {
                "users": [
                    {
                        "id": str(u.id),
                        "username": u.username,
                        "email": u.email,
                        "is_active": u.is_active,
                        "is_superuser": u.is_superuser,
                        "is_verified": u.is_verified,
                        "is_approved": u.is_approved,
                        "approval_note": u.approval_note,
                        "institution": u.institution,
                        "approved_by": str(u.approved_by) if u.approved_by else None,
                        "approved_at": u.approved_at.isoformat() if u.approved_at else None,
                        "created_at": u.created_at.isoformat()
                    }
                    for u in users
                ],
                "total": len(users),
                "superusers": sum(1 for u in users if u.is_superuser),
                "active_users": sum(1 for u in users if u.is_active)
            }
    except Exception as e:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to list users: {str(e)}")

admin_create_user(user_data: AdminUserCreate, current_user: User = Depends(current_active_user)) async

Create a new user (admin only)

Source code in backend/routes/users.py 
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@users_router.post("/admin/users")
async def admin_create_user(
    user_data: AdminUserCreate,
    current_user: User = Depends(current_active_user)
):
    """Create a new user (admin only)"""
    if not current_user.is_superuser:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="Admin access required")

    try:
        user_manager = UserManager(get_user_db().__next__())

        # Create user using FastAPI Users schema
        user_create = UserCreate(
            email=user_data.email,
            username=user_data.username,
            password=user_data.password,
            approval_note="Created by admin",  # Default note for admin-created users
            institution="Admin created"  # Default institution for admin-created users
        )

        user = await user_manager.create(user_create)

        # Log the admin action
        logger = get_logger()
        logger.security(
            f"Admin '{current_user.username}' created user '{user.username}'",
            event_type="admin_user_creation",
            admin_user_id=str(current_user.id),
            created_user_id=str(user.id),
            created_username=user.username,
            is_superuser=user_data.is_superuser
        )

        return {
            "message": "User created successfully",
            "user": {
                "id": str(user.id),
                "username": user.username,
                "email": user.email,
                "is_active": user.is_active,
                "is_superuser": user.is_superuser
            }
        }
    except Exception as e:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=f"Failed to create user: {str(e)}")

admin_update_user(user_id: str, user_data: UserUpdateRequest, current_user: User = Depends(current_active_user)) async

Update user details (admin only)

Source code in backend/routes/users.py 
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@users_router.put("/admin/users/{user_id}")
async def admin_update_user(
    user_id: str,
    user_data: UserUpdateRequest,
    current_user: User = Depends(current_active_user)
):
    """Update user details (admin only)"""
    if not current_user.is_superuser:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="Admin access required")

    try:
        # Convert user_id to proper UUID format if needed
        if len(user_id) == 32:
            # Add hyphens to make it a proper UUID
            user_id = f"{user_id[:8]}-{user_id[8:12]}-{user_id[12:16]}-{user_id[16:20]}-{user_id[20:]}"

        with Session(engine) as session:
            # Find the user to update
            user = session.exec(select(User).where(User.id == UUID(user_id))).first()
            if not user:
                raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="User not found")

            # Prevent admin from demoting themselves
            if str(user.id) == str(current_user.id) and user_data.is_superuser == False:
                raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Cannot demote yourself")

            # Update fields
            if user_data.username is not None:
                user.username = user_data.username
            if user_data.email is not None:
                user.email = user_data.email
            if user_data.is_active is not None:
                user.is_active = user_data.is_active
            if user_data.is_superuser is not None:
                user.is_superuser = user_data.is_superuser

            session.add(user)
            session.commit()

            # Log the admin action
            logger = get_logger()
            logger.security(
                f"Admin '{current_user.username}' updated user '{user.username}'",
                event_type="admin_user_update",
                admin_user_id=str(current_user.id),
                updated_user_id=str(user.id),
                updated_username=user.username,
                changes=user_data.dict(exclude_unset=True)
            )

            return {
                "message": "User updated successfully",
                "user": {
                    "id": str(user.id),
                    "username": user.username,
                    "email": user.email,
                    "is_active": user.is_active,
                    "is_superuser": user.is_superuser
                }
            }
    except ValueError as e:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=f"Invalid user ID format: {str(e)}")
    except Exception as e:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to update user: {str(e)}")

admin_promote_user(user_id: str, request: UserPromoteRequest, current_user: User = Depends(current_active_user)) async

Promote a user to superuser (admin only)

Source code in backend/routes/users.py 
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@users_router.post("/admin/users/{user_id}/promote")
async def admin_promote_user(
    user_id: str,
    request: UserPromoteRequest,
    current_user: User = Depends(current_active_user)
):
    """Promote a user to superuser (admin only)"""
    if not current_user.is_superuser:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="Admin access required")

    try:
        # Convert user_id to proper UUID format if needed
        if len(user_id) == 32:
            # Add hyphens to make it a proper UUID
            user_id = f"{user_id[:8]}-{user_id[8:12]}-{user_id[12:16]}-{user_id[16:20]}-{user_id[20:]}"

        with Session(engine) as session:
            user = session.exec(select(User).where(User.id == UUID(user_id))).first()
            if not user:
                raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="User not found")

            if user.is_superuser:
                raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="User is already a superuser")

            user.is_superuser = True
            session.add(user)
            session.commit()

            # Log the admin action
            logger = get_logger()
            logger.security(
                f"Admin '{current_user.username}' promoted user '{user.username}' to superuser",
                event_type="admin_user_promotion",
                admin_user_id=str(current_user.id),
                promoted_user_id=str(user.id),
                promoted_username=user.username,
                reason=request.reason
            )

            return {
                "message": f"User '{user.username}' promoted to superuser successfully",
                "user": {
                    "id": str(user.id),
                    "username": user.username,
                    "email": user.email,
                    "is_active": user.is_active,
                    "is_superuser": user.is_superuser
                }
            }
    except ValueError as e:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=f"Invalid user ID format: {str(e)}")
    except Exception as e:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to promote user: {str(e)}")

admin_demote_user(user_id: str, request: UserDemoteRequest, current_user: User = Depends(current_active_user)) async

Demote a superuser to regular user (admin only)

Source code in backend/routes/users.py 
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@users_router.post("/admin/users/{user_id}/demote")
async def admin_demote_user(
    user_id: str,
    request: UserDemoteRequest,
    current_user: User = Depends(current_active_user)
):
    """Demote a superuser to regular user (admin only)"""
    if not current_user.is_superuser:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="Admin access required")

    try:
        # Convert user_id to proper UUID format if needed
        if len(user_id) == 32:
            # Add hyphens to make it a proper UUID
            user_id = f"{user_id[:8]}-{user_id[8:12]}-{user_id[12:16]}-{user_id[16:20]}-{user_id[20:]}"

        with Session(engine) as session:
            user = session.exec(select(User).where(User.id == UUID(user_id))).first()
            if not user:
                raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="User not found")

            if not user.is_superuser:
                raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="User is not a superuser")

            # Prevent admin from demoting themselves
            if str(user.id) == str(current_user.id):
                raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Cannot demote yourself")

            user.is_superuser = False
            session.add(user)
            session.commit()

            # Log the admin action
            logger = get_logger()
            logger.security(
                f"Admin '{current_user.username}' demoted user '{user.username}' from superuser",
                event_type="admin_user_demotion",
                admin_user_id=str(current_user.id),
                demoted_user_id=str(user.id),
                demoted_username=user.username,
                reason=request.reason
            )

            return {
                "message": f"User '{user.username}' demoted from superuser successfully",
                "user": {
                    "id": str(user.id),
                    "username": user.username,
                    "email": user.email,
                    "is_active": user.is_active,
                    "is_superuser": user.is_superuser
                }
            }
    except ValueError as e:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=f"Invalid user ID format: {str(e)}")
    except Exception as e:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to demote user: {str(e)}")

admin_delete_user(user_id: str, current_user: User = Depends(current_active_user)) async

Delete a user (admin only)

Source code in backend/routes/users.py 
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@users_router.delete("/admin/users/{user_id}")
async def admin_delete_user(
    user_id: str,
    current_user: User = Depends(current_active_user)
):
    """Delete a user (admin only)"""
    if not current_user.is_superuser:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="Admin access required")

    try:
        # Convert user_id to proper UUID format if needed
        if len(user_id) == 32:
            # Add hyphens to make it a proper UUID
            user_id = f"{user_id[:8]}-{user_id[8:12]}-{user_id[12:16]}-{user_id[16:20]}-{user_id[20:]}"

        with Session(engine) as session:
            user = session.exec(select(User).where(User.id == UUID(user_id))).first()
            if not user:
                raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="User not found")

            # Prevent admin from deleting themselves
            if str(user.id) == str(current_user.id):
                raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Cannot delete yourself")

            username = user.username
            user_email = user.email

            # Delete the user
            session.delete(user)
            session.commit()

            # Log the admin action
            logger = get_logger()
            logger.security(
                f"Admin '{current_user.username}' deleted user '{username}'",
                event_type="admin_user_deletion",
                admin_user_id=str(current_user.id),
                deleted_username=username,
                deleted_email=user_email
            )

            return {
                "message": f"User '{username}' deleted successfully"
            }
    except ValueError as e:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=f"Invalid user ID format: {str(e)}")
    except Exception as e:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to delete user: {str(e)}")

admin_get_stats(current_user: User = Depends(current_active_user)) async

Get system statistics (admin only)

Source code in backend/routes/users.py 
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@users_router.get("/admin/stats")
async def admin_get_stats(current_user: User = Depends(current_active_user)):
    """Get system statistics (admin only)"""
    if not current_user.is_superuser:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="Admin access required")

    try:
        with Session(engine) as session:
            total_users = session.exec(select(User)).all()
            active_users = session.exec(select(User).where(User.is_active == True)).all()
            superusers = session.exec(select(User).where(User.is_superuser == True)).all()

            return {
                "total_users": len(total_users),
                "active_users": len(active_users),
                "inactive_users": len(total_users) - len(active_users),
                "superusers": len(superusers),
                "regular_users": len(total_users) - len(superusers),
                "system_info": {
                    "first_user_created": True if len(total_users) > 0 else False,
                    "has_superusers": len(superusers) > 0
                }
            }
    except Exception as e:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to get stats: {str(e)}")

admin_list_pending_approvals(current_user: User = Depends(current_active_user)) async

List users pending approval (admin only)

Source code in backend/routes/users.py 
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@users_router.get("/admin/pending-approvals")
async def admin_list_pending_approvals(current_user: User = Depends(current_active_user)):
    """List users pending approval (admin only)"""
    if not current_user.is_superuser:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="Admin access required")

    try:
        with Session(engine) as session:
            # Get users who are not approved yet
            pending_users = session.exec(
                select(User).where(User.is_approved == False)
            ).all()

            return {
                "pending_users": [
                    {
                        "id": str(u.id),
                        "username": u.username,
                        "email": u.email,
                        "approval_note": u.approval_note,
                        "institution": u.institution,
                        "created_at": u.created_at.isoformat(),
                        "is_active": u.is_active
                    }
                    for u in pending_users
                ],
                "count": len(pending_users)
            }
    except Exception as e:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to fetch pending approvals: {str(e)}")

admin_approve_user(user_id: str, request: UserApprovalRequest, current_user: User = Depends(current_active_user)) async

Approve or reject a user (admin only)

Source code in backend/routes/users.py 
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@users_router.post("/admin/users/{user_id}/approve")
async def admin_approve_user(
    user_id: str,
    request: UserApprovalRequest,
    current_user: User = Depends(current_active_user)
):
    """Approve or reject a user (admin only)"""
    if not current_user.is_superuser:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="Admin access required")

    try:
        # Convert user_id to proper UUID format if needed
        if len(user_id) == 32:
            user_id = f"{user_id[:8]}-{user_id[8:12]}-{user_id[12:16]}-{user_id[16:20]}-{user_id[20:]}"

        with Session(engine) as session:
            user = session.exec(select(User).where(User.id == UUID(user_id))).first()
            if not user:
                raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="User not found")

            if user.is_approved:
                raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="User is already approved")

            # Update approval status
            user.is_approved = request.approved
            user.is_active = request.approved  # Activate user if approved
            user.approved_by = current_user.id if request.approved else None
            user.approved_at = datetime.utcnow() if request.approved else None

            session.add(user)
            session.commit()

            # Log the admin action
            logger = get_logger()
            action = "approved" if request.approved else "rejected"
            logger.security(
                f"Admin '{current_user.username}' {action} user '{user.username}'",
                event_type=f"admin_user_{action}",
                admin_user_id=str(current_user.id),
                target_user_id=str(user.id),
                target_username=user.username,
                reason=request.reason
            )

            return {
                "message": f"User '{user.username}' {action} successfully",
                "user": {
                    "id": str(user.id),
                    "username": user.username,
                    "email": user.email,
                    "is_approved": user.is_approved,
                    "is_active": user.is_active,
                    "approved_by": str(user.approved_by) if user.approved_by else None,
                    "approved_at": user.approved_at.isoformat() if user.approved_at else None
                }
            }
    except ValueError as e:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=f"Invalid user ID format: {str(e)}")
    except Exception as e:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to approve user: {str(e)}")